I loaded the activities I’ve written in the past onto my new G1G1 XO and found that Pointillism probably never worked on any XO but my old one.  This is something I probably should have tested.

In addition to actually working, this release has better performance, flips the image horizontally, and lets you save images to the Journal.

Download: Pointillism-2.xo

XO’s are available (and shipping fast) from Amazon (URL is via OLPC) through Give One Get One 2008. As you can see from the map above, G1G1 2007 is already having quite an impact on the world, with tens of thousands of donated XOs being deployed across Ethiopia, Rwanda, Mongolia, and other countries.

The easy and dirty solution is to install the opencv, opencv-devel, and opencv-python packages with yum, to download the libhighgui.so.1.0.0 that I compiled, and to copy it to /usr/lib/libhighgui.so.1.0.0.  In short:

sudo yum install opencv opencv-devel opencv-python
sudo wget  http://eclecti.cc/files/2008/03/libhighguiso100 -O /usr/lib/libhighgui.so.1.0.0

The details of the problem are that when using ioctl with VIDIOC_S_FMT to negotiate the correct fmt.pix.pixelformat, ioctl fails with EINVAL (error 22), even when all the values being supplied by OpenCV are the values that the OV7670 wanted anyway.  The temporary fix involves using VIDIOC_G_FMT instead to let the OV7670 tell OpenCV what it wants.  Luckily, what it wants, OpenCV can handle.  If you want to build OpenCV from source and fix it, you’ll need to change line 419 in otherlibs/highgui/cvcap_v4l.cpp to the following:

if (-1 == xioctl (capture->deviceHandle, VIDIOC_G_FMT, &capture->form))

Unfortunately, there are other problems with building OpenCV on the XO. (aside from it being painfully slow to compile on)  One of the dependencies, gtk2-devel, currently will not install, a known bug.  I got it to work with the following, but YMMV:

yum -t –enablerepo=* install libXi-devel
yum -t –enablerepo=* install gtk2-devel

I also ran into a problem trying to compile python/swig support, but that may be from unrelated memory leaks…

Ok, here is some working code for face detection using the XO’s webcam.  It requires the opencv, opencv-python, and xawtv packages.  Xawtv can be skipped if you change it to use gstreamer instead, but gstreamer takes around 3 seconds to initialize the camera, take a picture, and save it.  Xawtv, on the other hand, takes about a half second.  The face detection algorithm, from OpenCV itself takes anywhere from 0.1 seconds to 3 seconds depending on what parameters you choose.  I chose ones that seem to work almost all of the time and take about 0.25 seconds.

Object detection is pretty fascinating stuff, and well beyond the scope of this blog post, so I’ll just refer you to this pdf.  By training and customizing Haar files, one could detect an endless possibility of objects.  Gesture detection and sign language to tex tare two of the more interesting possibilities.  If I can find image databases, I might try training a Haar filter for hand detection.

This is basically just proof of concept code attached.  I’m going to try a v4l2 python library and package something up as a usable XO activity this weekend.  To run this, just put both of the files below in the same directory and run “python face.py”.  Assuming you’re on an XO and you have opencv, opencv-python, and xawtv installed, it should pause for a second while the camera turns on and captures a picture, and then display an image with any faces enclosed by green rectangles.  It works best if most of your head is within the image frame and there is a decent amount of light.

Face detection script
The Haar cascade file that it uses

Sugar is fine and dandy, but its nice to have the option to run something a little less… sweet.  Unfortunately, with a 433mhz Geode and  256mb of RAM, its kind of a stretch to run a real desktop environment like Gnome or KDE on an XO, and even XFCE is a bit heavy.  Luckily, with low powered UMPCs coming out in abundance, there is a lot of development going on for these kinds of devices.  Ubuntu Mobile and Embedded Edition shows a lot of promise, as you get the massive number of packages available for Ubuntu in a distro designed for low power and small screens.  So, this is a guide on installing and running Ubuntu Mobile on an SD card on an OLPC XO.  Ubuntu Mobile is still very much alpha software and is designed for touchscreens, but it’s generally usable and quite speedy.

This guide is based largely on the following sources.  It could be useful to check them if something here doesn’t work:

• Ubuntu Mobile on GDM
• Free Like GNU: Ubuntu on OLPC XO

Requirements:

• OLPC XO
• 1+GB (2 GB or more is much better) SD card or USB thumbdrive
• SD card reader if you’re using an SD, which this guide assumes
• A linux box (besides the XO).  This guide assumes Ubuntu 8.04

First, download and install what you need to install Ubuntu on an SD.  We’ll be using Qemu and a Hardy Heron netboot image.

sudo apt-get install qemu qemu-launcher qemuctl
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/hardy/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/mini.iso

Run qemu-launcher.  Check “Use CD-ROM,” set Boot Disk to CD-ROM, and in the CD-ROM field open the path to the mini.iso you downloaded earlier.  Set Hard disk 0 to the location of your SD card or thumbdrive, which will be something like /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc.  If you aren’t sure, after inserting the card or drive, open a terminal and run dmesg.  The last few lines will mention some sd* and that’s what you want to use.  If it automounted, unmount it before going on.  The last thing on this tab of qemu-launcher is to set RAM to 256mb.

In the Networking tab, set Number of networking interface cards to 1, and in Card 0, choose Use the user mode network stack, and set MAC address to the address of the card currently connected.  To get it, open a terminal and run ifconfig; the 12 digit hexadecimal number after HWaddr is what you want to copy and paste in.

 You can then hit the launch button.  You want to type cli at the boot prompt, hit enter, and then just follow the usual instructions on installing Ubuntu.  The actual install part is probably going to take a while, so you may want to bake a cake.

When the install is done and it reboots, close the Qemu window. In Qemu Launcher, switch Boot disk to Hard disk 0 and uncheck Use CD-ROM.  Then hit launch again, wait for it to finish booting, and log in with the user/pass you created during the install.

You’re going to want accelerated video, so add the following two lines to the end of /etc/apt/sources.list with your favorite text editor and then do a sudo apt-get update.

deb http://layer-acht.org/debian etch olpc xorg
deb-src http://layer-acht.org/debian etch olpc xorg

You need to install sysvinit, video drivers, and ubuntu-mobile.  I find it easier to work with GDM than manually messing with xinit, so I install that too.  If you have the space, you’ll probably also want to install XFCE, since Ubuntu Mobile is somewhat incomplete for now.

sudo apt-get install sysvinit gdm xserver-xorg-video-amd ubuntu-mobile xfonts-base

You then need an xorg.conf that works for the XO.  I modified one from Free Like GNU to use 120 dpi to have more reasonable font sizes.

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak
sudo wget http://eclecti.cc/files/2008/03/xorg.conf -O /etc/X11/xorg.conf

To add Hildon, the Ubuntu Mobile desktop, to GDM, edit /usr/bin/start-hildon and comment out the line “export DISPLAY=:1″. Then download the xsession file.

sudo wget http://eclecti.cc/files/2008/03/hildon.desktop -O /usr/share/xsessions/hildon.desktop

You’re done with qemu, so you can close that window and pop out the SD card or thumbdrive.  The XO expects the boot partition to be named OLPCRoot though, so you need to plug the thing back in.  Ubuntu will detect the partitions and automount, so you’ll want to unmount it and then run the following command, replacing sdb1 with whatever you were using before with a 1 on the end of it.

sudo tune2fs /dev/sdb1 -L OLPCRoot

Then, power on your XO to boot into regular Sugar, and put the SD card into the XO.  Then open up Terminal and become root.  This could mean typing “su”, “sudo su”, or clicking on the become root icon, depending on your OS version.  Then execute the following commands.

cp -ra /boot /media/OLPCRoot/
cp -ra /lib/modules /media/OLPCRoot/lib/
cp -ra /lib/firmware /media/OLPCRoot/lib/
cp -ra /security /media/OLPCRoot/
cp -ra /etc/modprobe.d /media/OLPCRoot/etc/modprobe.d
cp -ra /etc/fstab /media/OLPCRoot/etc/fstab
sudo wget http://eclecti.cc/files/2008/03/olpcsd.fth -O /media/OLPCRoot/boot/olpc.fth

One last thing that I like to do is disable tap to click on the touchpad, since its pretty sensitive.  These instructions are from the OLPC News forums.  Add the following line to the end of /media/OLPCRoot/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.d/olpc.conf.dist

options mousedev tap_time=0

Leave the SD card in and reboot.  The XO should boot straight into Ubuntu and start GDM.  When the login screen comes up, go to Options, and Select Session.  Choose Hildon, hit ok, and log in.  Enjoy!